![]() However, for some households, the degree of dysfunction, abuse, and neglect is so extreme and relentless that it reaches traumatic levels, affecting the physical health and brain development of the young children who are surrounded by it. Because positive buffers like a supportive relationship with the remaining parent were in place, we adapted, used our resilience to bounce back, and soldiered on successfully. Most of us experienced some disruption of this process, a degree of household dysfunction or unexpected change such as a divorce or the loss of a parent. ![]() They leave their home equipped to face the world and interact appropriately with peers, employers, and future romantic partners. Ideally, children are nurtured, supported, encouraged, and positively reinforced. For most children, this leads to strong, healthy attachment with their parents and familial bonds that last a lifetime. For the first years of life, up until he/she goes to school, a child experiences the world through their parents’ activities their life is mostly home-based where they are surrounded by a small group of familiar caregivers. How can we address the deep needs of children and families embroiled in intergenerational trauma?Ī child’s mental health mirrors a family’s mental health. To continue reading click here.When inadequate parenting skills and toxic environments are passed down from parent to child, a cycle of hopelessness and helplessness can ensue. This collective aspect of IT is typically called historical trauma (HT). In addition to individual processes, there are collective and systemic processes of intergenerational risk associated with massive traumas like genocide, as well as political, social, and cultural traumas experienced by distinct groups, such as exploitation, oppression, and processes of colonization( e.g., displacement, cultural genocide, forced assimilation practices Braveheart & DeBruyn 1998 Danieli, 1998 Degruy-Leary, 2017 Duran & Duran, 1995). Furthermore, mother’s experience of physical neglect was associated with increased emotion dysregulation and diminished attachment quality in offspring, and these effects were greater when other forms of maltreatment were also present in the mother’s childhood. (2022) found that maltreatment, especially physical neglect, in a mother’s childhood was associated with an increased risk of maltreatment in the following generations. A smaller body of work has emerged examining how trauma in one generation might impact subsequent generations, called intergenerational trauma (IT Braveheart et al., 2011 Bombay et al., 2009 Sangalang, & Vang, 2017). ![]() ![]() Moreover, studies have identified mechanisms through which this relationship is mediated, such as dysfunctional attributions ( Hu et al., 2015), cognitive distortions (Smith et al., 2018), immature defenses mechanisms ( DiGuiseppe et al., 2021) and maladaptive coping ( Rettie & Daniels, 2021). The relationship between negative/traumatic events and psychological distress is well established for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and suicidality (Harkness & Hayden, 2020). The current review seeks to provide a brief introduction to this area of research. An increasing body of evidence indicates important mental health consequences on subsequent generations, at the individual, as well as the collective and systemic levels. AN IMPORTANT FOCUS OF THE STUDY OF TRAUMA IS ITS INTERGENERATIONAL IMPACT. ![]()
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